Poisoning in Israel: Annual Report of the Israel Poison Information Center, 2017.

BACKGROUND: The Israel Poison Information Center (IPIC), Rambam Health Care Campus, provides 24-hour telephone consultations on clinical toxicology and drug and reproductive toxicology. It participates in research, teaching and regulatory activities, and provides laboratory services. In 2014, nurse specialists in poison information joined the IPIC. OBJECTIVES: To report the epidemiology of poison exposures in Israel. METHODS: We present computerized queries and a descriptive analysis of the medical records database of the IPIC for 2017. RESULTS: A total of 39,928 poison exposure cases were recorded, reflecting increases of 226.3% and 26.7% compared with 1995 and 2012, respectively. Children < 6 years of age were involved in 47.0% of cases; 80.4% of calls were made by the public and 17.8% by physicians; 74.2% of exposures were unintentional and 7.3% intentional. Pharmaceuticals were involved in 51.4% of cases, chemicals in 36.9%, bites and stings in 2.2%, and plants and mushrooms in 1.5%. Substances most frequently involved were analgesics, cleaning products, and antimicrobials. Clinical severity was moderate/major in 3.3%, mainly due to insecticides, drugs of abuse, and corrosives. Three fatalities were recorded (due to colchicine, organophosphates, and volatile substance inhalant abuse). CONCLUSIONS: Poison exposures and poisonings have markedly increased in Israel, contributing substantially to morbidity. The IPIC prevented unnecessary referrals to emergency departments. Its database is a valuable national resource for collecting and monitoring poisoning exposure cases. It can be used as a real-time surveillance system for the benefit of public health. It is recommended that reporting to the IPIC become mandatory, and its activities adequately supported by national resources.

Poisoning in Israel: annual report of the Israel Poison Information Center, 2012.

BACKGROUND: The Israel National Poison Information Center (IPIC), Rambam Health Care Campus, provides 24 hour telephone consultations in clinical toxicology as well as drug and teratogen information. It participates in research, teaching and regulatory activities, and also provides laboratory services. OBJECTIVES: To report data on the epidemiology of poisonings and poison exposures in Israel. METHODS: We made computerized queries and descriptive analyses of the medical records database of the IPIC during 2012. RESULTS: A total of 31,519 poison exposure cases were recorded, a 157.6% increase compared with 1995. Children < 6 years of age were involved in 43.1% of cases; 74.0% of calls were made by the public and 23.7% by physicians; 74.8% of exposures were unintentional and 9.1% intentional. Chemicals were involved in 35.8% of all cases (single and multiple substances), pharmaceuticals in 48.8%, bites and stings in 3.8%, and plants and mushrooms in 1.6%. Substances most frequently involved were analgesics, cleaning products and antimicrobials. Clinical severity was moderate/major in 3.4%. Substances most frequently involved in moderate/major exposures were corrosives, insecticides and snake venom. Four fatalities were recorded; all were intentional exposures in adults (corrosive, medications, energy drink). CONCLUSIONS: Poison exposures and poisonings have increased significantly and have contributed substantially to morbidity and mortality in Israel. The IPIC database is a valuable national resource for the collection and monitoring of poisoning exposure cases. It can be used as a real-time surveillance system for the benefit of public health. It is recommended that reporting to the IPIC become mandatory and its activities be adequately supported by national resources.

Pediatric poisonings in Israel: National Poison Center data.

BACKGROUND: Poisonings are a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The Israel Poison Information Center provides clinical consultations on poisonings and drug information 24 hours a day. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of pediatric poison exposures in Israel. METHODS: We reviewed computerized queries and performed a descriptive analysis of the Poison Center database pertaining to patients under 18 years old during 2007. RESULTS: A total of 15,005 pediatric poison exposures were recorded, 80.3% of them occurring in children under 6 years old. Of the calls to the Poison Center, 78.6% were made by the public, 20.7% by physicians, and in 74.4% the call was within 2 hours of exposure. Most exposures occurred at home (89.3%) and were unintentional (89.5%). Among adolescents, most exposures were intentional (49.3%, 38.2% suicides), the time lapse until consultation was longer (37% > 2 hours), and more physicians (54.8%) consulted the Poison Center. Most cases were asymptomatic or mildly affected (92.3%), 54.4% in adolescents. The commonest substances involved in single poison exposure were detergents, antimicrobials, topical preparations, acetaminophen and scale removers; in adolescents the most common substances were acetaminophen, methylphenidate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, atropine and ethanol. Moderate to severe toxicity was commonly associated with organophosphates, alkali, ethanol, Vipera palaestinae and neuroleptics. Most patients could be observed at home (66.6%), while more adolescents were referred to emergency departments (42.2% vs. 9.9%) or hospitalized (14.5% vs. 1.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric poisonings are a significant health problem. The magnitude of the problem is greater in the young age group but more severe in adolescence, probably due to deliberate self-poisoning. Greater national efforts should be directed towards improved poison prevention, rational management of pediatric poisoning, and creating a national poisoning registry.

Poisoning in Israel: annual report of the Israel Poison Information Center, 2007.

BACKGROUND: The Israel National Poison Information Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, provides telephone consultations on clinical toxicology as well as drug and teratogen information around the clock. The Center participates in research, teaching and regulatory activities and also provides laboratory services. OBJECTIVES: To analyze data on the epidemiology of poisonings and poison exposures in Israel. METHODS: We conducted computerized queries and a descriptive analysis of the medical records database of the IPIC during 2007. RESULTS: Overall, 26,738 poison exposure cases were recorded, a 118.5% increase compared to 1995. Children under 6 years old were involved in 45% of cases; 73% of the calls were made by the public and 25.5% by physicians; 74.4% of exposures were unintentional and 9.2% intentional. Chemicals were involved in 37.9% of cases, pharmaceuticals in 44.2%, bites and stings in 4.3% and poisonous plants in 1.2%. Substances most frequently involved were analgesics, cleaning products and antimicrobials. Clinical severity was moderate/major in 3.5%. Substances most frequently involved in moderate/major exposures were insecticides, drugs of abuse and corrosives. Eight fatalities were recorded - three unintentional exposures (all chemicals) and five intentional (chemicals, medications, drugs of abuse). CONCLUSIONS: The rates of poison exposures and poisonings in Israel have increased significantly, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. The IPIC database is a valuable national resource for collecting and monitoring cases of poison exposure and can be used as a real-time surveillance system. It is recommended that reporting to the IPIC become mandatory and that its activities be adequately supported by national resources.

Illicit cathinone ("Hagigat") poisoning.

INTRODUCTION: Khat leaves (mainly cathinone and cathine) have been chewed for centuries as stimulants. Hagigat (capsules of 200 mg cathinone) have been marketed in Israel as a natural stimulant and aphrodisiac. The consequences of illicit exposure to cathinone are reported. METHODS: Prospective observational study of calls to the Poison Center regarding exposure to Hagigat during the course of 10 months. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients' records and telephone follow up was performed. RESULTS: Data of 34 consecutive patients aged 16-54 years were analyzed. The amount consumed was (1/2)-6 capsules (ingestion-32, sniffing-2). Main clinical manifestations were headache, vomiting, hypertension, nausea, tachycardia, dyspnea, chest pain, and myalgia. Main complications were myocardial ischemia (3), pulmonary edema (2), and intracerebral hemorrhage (1), all in young subjects. Treatment was supportive; one patient underwent neurosurgery. CONCLUSION: Exposure to illicitly synthesized cathinone is associated with serious cardiovascular and neurological toxicity, even in young subjects.